Research and Education Projects Covering Decentralized Technologies

Jon Woodard, Wolfram Research

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Talk Outline

Why is this important?

Projects

Blockchain Course

Decentralized Project Data

Future

Autonomous Future

About Wolfram Blockchain Labs

The Wolfram Blockchain Labs Team

Grid[{
{,,,},{"Akira Toma","Christian Pasquel","Dariia Porechna","Johan Veerman"},{,,,},{"Jon Woodard","Karla Santana","Piero Sanchez","Daniel Suarez"}, 
{,,,},{"Leanne Ussher",,,}},Spacings->{4,1}]

A Bit of History

Informal Web Eras

Web 0: Research

Web 1: Commercial

Web 2: Participatory

Social

Semantic / Machine Readable

Web 3: Decentralized

TimelinePlot[
{
Labeled[Interval[{DateObject[{2002,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],DateObject[{2012,5,4},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`]}],"Web 2",After],
Labeled[Interval[{DateObject[{1973,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],DateObject[{1995,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`]}],"Web 0",After],
Labeled[Interval[{DateObject[{1995,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],DateObject[{2003,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`]}],"Web 1",After],
Labeled[Interval[{DateObject[{2009,1,3},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],DateObject[{2020,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`]}],"Web 3",After],
Labeled[DateObject[{1963,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],"ARPANET Concepts Developed",After],
Labeled[DateObject[{1987,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],"Wolfram Research Founded",After],
Labeled[DateObject[{2008,10,31},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, Nakamoto",After],
Labeled[DateObject[{2018,1,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],"Wolfram Blockchain Labs Founded",After],Labeled[Interval[{DateObject[{2011,3,1},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`],DateObject[{2012,12,21},"Day","Gregorian",-6.`]}]"label3",Automatic]
}
]

Creative Destruction, Disruption and Decentralization

Creative Destruction

Disruption

Technologies

“Layer 1” Distributed Ledger Technologies (blockchains, distributed acyclic graphs etc.)

“Layer 2” Decentralized Services (identity, file services etc.)

Disruptive Technology?

"World Economic Forum survey suggested that 10 percent of global GDP will be stored on blockchain by 2027." - [WEF]

Where?

Consumer Services

Government Services

Medium of Exchange

Assets

Wolfram Blockchain Labs Approach:

Wolfram Blockchain Labs Approach:

Technologies

Blockchain Integrations

Computational Facts

Applications

Education and Research

Blockchain Course

World of Blockchains

Introduction to Blockchain Technologies and their Impact on Society

History of Money and its relation to Understanding Modern Money

Technology

Systems Logic

Economics

Politics

Social Structure

Hierarchy of Management: Centralized, Decentralized , Distributed

Money is a tool for coordination

Single Central Node

Hierarchy of Nodes

Equality in Nodes

centralizedNetworkGraph[nodes_Integer]:=Graph[0\[UndirectedEdge]#&/@Range[nodes],VertexCoordinates->Prepend[Table[{RandomReal[{-6,6}]/10,RandomReal[{-10,10}]/10},nodes],{0,0}]];decentralized=Graph[Join[0\[UndirectedEdge]#&/@Range[6],{1\[UndirectedEdge]2},Flatten@MapThread[Function[{y,x},y\[UndirectedEdge]#&/@x],Join[{Range[0,6]},{TakeList[Range[7,50],{7,8,5,7,4,5,4}]}]]],VertexCoordinates->With[{supernodes={{0,0},{-2.5,5},{3,5.5},{3,0},{5,-7},{-2,-8},{-2,-3.5}}},Join[supernodes,Flatten[MapThread[Function[{center,nodes},Table[Function[{x,y},With[{r=RandomReal[{0.5,2}],θ=RandomReal[{0,2*π}]},{r*Cos[θ]+x,r*Sin[θ]+y}]][Sequence@@center],nodes]],{supernodes,Length/@TakeList[Range[7,50],{7,8,5,7,4,5,4}]}],1]]]];distributed=Module[{randomPts=Table[{RandomReal[{-10,10}],RandomReal[{-5,5}]},50],asc},asc=AssociationThread[randomPts,Range[50]];
Graph[Function[x,Apply[UndirectedEdge,asc[#]&/@Flatten[List@@x,1]]]/@MeshPrimitives[DelaunayMesh[randomPts],1]]];
Grid[{{centralizedNetworkGraph[42],decentralized,distributed},{Text["Centralized"],Text["Decentralized"],Text["Distributed"]}}]

Case Studies of different Tokens

Ranked from most (2) to least (3) centralized:

Centralized,

Decentralized,

Distributed

According to 3 criteria, making a 3 x 3 cordinates

System Logic

Political Structure

Architecture

Legended[Graphics3D[{Texture[#[[1]]],Polygon[{{#[[2,1]],#[[2,2]],#[[2,3]]+0.5},{#[[2,1]]+1,#[[2,2]],#[[2,3]]+0.5},{#[[2,1]]+1,#[[2,2]]+1,#[[2,3]]+0.5},{#[[2,1]],#[[2,2]]+1,#[[2,3]]+0.5}},VertexTextureCoordinates->{{0,0},{1,0},{1,1},{0,1}}]}&/@{{,{2,1,1}},{,{3,1,1}},{,{3,2,1}},{,{3,2,2}},{,{2,3,3},},{,{2,1,2}},{,{3,3,3}},{,{3,1,3}},{,{1,2,1}}},Axes->True,AxesLabel->{"Architecture","Political Structure","Logic"}],SwatchLegend[{Black,Black,Black,Black,Black,Black,Black,Black,Black},{"Ripple","Napster","Blockchain","Holochain","Dollars","Bank Deposits","Holacracy","Copyright","Civil Law"},LegendMarkers->{,,,,,,,,},LabelStyle->15,LegendMarkerSize->30]]

Advancing Ledger Technologies

From this Ledger

To This Ledger

Tokens as Money as Technology

From 8000 BC

To This ?

The Money Flower

Graphics[{Thick,
ColorData["DarkRainbow"][1],Rotate[Circle[{-5,2},{10,5}],-π/4],Text[Style["Universally\naccessible",Bold,Medium],{-15,9}],
ColorData["DarkRainbow"][0.70],Rotate[Circle[{5,2},{10,5}],π/4],Text[Style["Token-based\nPeer to Peer",Bold,Medium],{15,9}],
ColorData["DarkRainbow"][0.25],Rotate[Circle[{0,5},{10,5}],-π/4],Text[Style["Digital",Bold,Medium],{-8,13}],
ColorData["DarkRainbow"][0],Rotate[Circle[{0,5},{10,5}],π/4],Text[Style["Central bank-\nissued",Bold,Medium],{9,13}]
,Black,
Text["Cash",{-1.7,-1.3}],
Text["Commodity\nmoney",{0,-4}],
Text["Crypto-\ncurrency",{1.7,-1.3}],
Text["CBCC\n(retail)",{0,1}],
Text["Cryptocurrency\n(wholesale)",{5,0}],
Text["CBCC\n(wholesale)",{3,4}],
Text["Settlement\nor reserve\naccounts",{0,8}],
Text["Deposited\ncurrency\naccounts",{-3,4}],
Text["Local\ncurrency",{10,4}],
Text["Bank\ndeposits,\nmobile\nmoney",{-6.2,7.4}],
Text["Virtual\ncurrency",{-4.5,11}]},ImageSize->600]

How many DLTs?

How many DLTs are out there? Any guesses?

Permissioned: Multichain, Corda

Public: Bitcoin, Ethereum, ARK

Vertical Applications: Coins (Bitcoin, Litecoin), Games (Flow), Agreements (Agreements.Network)

Collecting attributes on Distributed Ledger Technologies

These are things like:

Consensus Methods

Proof of Work

Proof of Stake

Collected Items

First Block / Genesis Block

Founders

Computable Things

Average Transactions Per Block

Average Transfer Amounts

Autonomous Future

McKinsey & Co.