Exploring Species in the Wolfram Language

Keiko Hirayama, Wolfram|Alpha Scientific Content Group

(RowDefault[, (Spacer1), , (Spacer1), ])  #WolframTechConf

Overview

New “TaxonomicSpecies” data based on NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) Taxonomy Database

Provides scientific/common names, hierarchical relation information of near ~2 million taxa

Includes biological, geological, and ecological information

Supports advanced natural language queries and analysis of diverse organisms

BarChart[#[[All,2]],ChartLabels->#[[All,1]],PlotTheme->"Business",ScalingFunctions->"Log",FrameLabel->"Entity count by kingdom"]&@{{"Archaeon",1732},{"Bacterium",79163},{"Virus",184952},{"Fungus",87076},{"Animal",1113313},{"Plant",290977},{"Eukaryote_extra",46419}}

TaxonomicSpecies Data

Species group

Folk (paraphyletic) taxonomy group (e.g. fish, otters, monkeys...etc.) is represented by SpeciesPhyleticGroup entity type

Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Fish"]

EntityList@EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["fish", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Fish"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Fish\"]", "species phyletic group"])}]//Shallow

TaxonomicSpecies Data

Inheritance

The “TaxonomicSpecies” entity type is hierarchically organized:

EntityType["TaxonomicSpecies"]["ChildTypes"]

(EntityType[(EntityTypeHierarchyRow["animal", "species specification", "eukaryote"]), "TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal"])["ParentType"]

TaxonomicSpecies includes taxonomic information as well as common properties that are shared across all species domains, such as ConservationStatus, NucleotideSequenceLength, ObservationLocations...etc.

EntityValue["TaxonomicSpecies","Properties"]

Child types inherit properties of their parents but also include unique set of properties:

EntityProperties[(EntityType[(EntityTypeHierarchyRow["animal", "taxonomic species", "Eukaryote"]), "TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal"])]

Complement[EntityProperties[(EntityType[(EntityTypeHierarchyRow["animal", "taxonomic species", "Eukaryote"]), "TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal"])],EntityProperties[(EntityType["species specification", "TaxonomicSpecies"])]]

BarChart[propset[All,"PropertyCount"],ChartLabels->Normal@propset[All,"Domain"],ChartStyle->"Pastel",AxesLabel->"Properties by Kingdom"]

Taxonomic Properties

EntityValue["TaxonomicSpecies","PropertyClasses"]

TaxonomicSequence provides more detailed intra-ranked taxa information

EntityValue[(Entity["giant panda", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7\"]", "species specification"]),(EntityProperty["primary taxonomic sequence", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PrimaryTaxonomicSequence"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PrimaryTaxonomicSequence\"]"])]

BarChart[#[[All,2]],ChartLabels->Placed[#[[All,1]],Axis,Rotate[#,Pi/4]&],PlotTheme->"Business",ScalingFunctions->"Log",ChartStyle->"Rainbow"]&@{{"Superkingdom",4},{"Kingdom",14},{"Subkingdom",2},{"Superphylum",1},{"Phylum",273},{"Subphylum",32},{"Superclass",6},{"Class",450},{"Subclass",173},{"Infraclass",18},{"Cohort",5},{"Superorder",54},{"Order",1741},{"Suborder",373},{"Infraorder",130},{"Parvorder",26},{"Superfamily",862},{"Family",9890},{"Subfamily",3089},{"Tribe",2223},{"Subtribe",573},{"Genus",99546},{"Subgenus",1620},{"SpeciesGroup",338},{"SpeciesSubgroup",127},{"Species",548970},{"Subspecies",27157},{"Subcohort",3},{"Section",476},{"Subsection",21},{"Series",9},{"Variety",13923},{"Form",533},{"NoRank",1130917}}

EntityValue[(Entity["giant panda", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7\"]", "species specification"]),(EntityProperty["taxonomic sequence", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","TaxonomicSequence"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"TaxonomicSequence\"]"])]

[(Entity["giant panda", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7\"]", "species specification"])]

Taxonomic Properties

Information about TaxonomicRank is also available

EntityList@EntityClass["TaxonomicRank","PrimaryRanks"]

EntityValue[(Entity["phylum", Entity["TaxonomicRank","Phylum"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicRank\", \"Phylum\"]", "taxonomic rank"]),{(EntityProperty["primary parent rank", EntityProperty["TaxonomicRank","PrimaryParentRank"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicRank\", \"PrimaryParentRank\"]"]),(EntityProperty["primary child rank", EntityProperty["TaxonomicRank","PrimaryChildRank"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicRank\", \"PrimaryChildRank\"]"])},"Dataset"]

Compute a list of species belong to a given taxonomic branch

EntityValue[(Entity["elephants", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Elephantidae::2jfrp"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Elephantidae::2jfrp\"]", "species specification"]),(EntityProperty["species list", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","SpeciesList"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"SpeciesList\"]"])]

Query a list of members for higher taxa

EntityValue[{(Entity["mammals", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Mammalia::5448z"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Mammalia::5448z\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["amphibians", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Amphibia::979q3"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Amphibia::979q3\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["birds", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Aves::m4h27"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Aves::m4h27\"]", "species specification"])},(EntityProperty["species count", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","SpeciesCount"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"SpeciesCount\"]"]),"EntityAssociation"]

Access taxonomic authority information

EntityValue[(Entity["Natrialba magadii", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","NatrialbaMagadii::bqsd3"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"NatrialbaMagadii::bqsd3\"]", "taxonomic species"]),(EntityProperty["species authority", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","SpeciesAuthority"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"SpeciesAuthority\"]"])]

Find when various organisms are taxonomically classified

EntityValue[(Entity["Natrialba magadii", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","NatrialbaMagadii::bqsd3"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"NatrialbaMagadii::bqsd3\"]", "taxonomic species"]),{(EntityProperty["original year of publication", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","OriginalYearOfPublication"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"OriginalYearOfPublication\"]"]),(EntityProperty["latest year of publication", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","LatestYearOfPublication"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"LatestYearOfPublication\"]"])}]

originYr=DeleteMissing@EntityValue["TaxonomicSpecies",(EntityProperty["original year of publication", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","OriginalYearOfPublication"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"OriginalYearOfPublication\"]"])];

DateHistogram[originYr,300,]

Biological Properties

EntityValue[(EntityPropertyClass["biological properties", EntityPropertyClass["TaxonomicSpecies","BiologicalProperties"], "EntityPropertyClass[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BiologicalProperties\"]"]),"Properties"]

Physical Characteristics

Aggregate values for folk taxonomy group

weight=EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["monkey", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Monkey"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Monkey\"]", "species phyletic group"])}],,"Dataset"]//DeleteMissing

BoxWhiskerChart[weight,FrameLabel->"weight (g)"]

Genome Information

Nucleotide sequence length and chromosomes information from NCBI

EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["nucleotide sequence length", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","NucleotideSequenceLength"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"NucleotideSequenceLength\"]"])->TakeLargest[5]}],{(EntityProperty["nucleotide sequence length", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","NucleotideSequenceLength"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"NucleotideSequenceLength\"]"]),(EntityProperty["image", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Image"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Image\"]"])},"Dataset"]

EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["number of chromosomes", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","NumberOfChromosomes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"NumberOfChromosomes\"]"])->TakeLargest[5]}],{(EntityProperty["number of chromosomes", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","NumberOfChromosomes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"NumberOfChromosomes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["image", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Image"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Image\"]"])},"Dataset"]

Genome assembly information

EntityValue[{(Entity["button mushroom", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AgaricusBisporus::6xryw"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AgaricusBisporus::6xryw\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["American alligator", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AlligatorMississippiensis::9gf98"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AlligatorMississippiensis::9gf98\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["blue whale", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","BalaenopteraMusculus::mk5bs"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BalaenopteraMusculus::mk5bs\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["human", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","HomoSapiens::4pydj"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"HomoSapiens::4pydj\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["African elephant", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Loxodonta::v786n"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Loxodonta::v786n\"]", "species specification"])},"RefSeqAssemblyAccessionNumber","Dataset"]

retrieve genome FNA File

URLExecute["https://api.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/v1alpha/genome/accession/GCF_000005845.2/download?include_annotation_type=PROT_FASTA",]

Plot the phylogenetic tree

refseqList=Association["Escherichia coli"->First@URLExecute[],"Bordetella pertussis"->First@URLExecute[],"Chlamydia trachomatis"->First@URLExecute[],"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"->First@URLExecute[],"Staphylococcus aureus"->First@URLExecute[]];

ResourceFunction["PhylogeneticTreePlot"][Values[refseqList],Keys[refseqList]]

Geographic Observations

EntityValue[(EntityPropertyClass["geographic properties", EntityPropertyClass["TaxonomicSpecies","GeographicProperties"], "EntityPropertyClass[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"GeographicProperties\"]"]),"Properties"]

Lookup animals by observation locations

Country, Ocean, AdministrativeDivision, City, Island, Lake, Mountain, Park, Volcano, Waterfall

EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["squirrel", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Squirrel"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Squirrel\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["observation locations", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","ObservationLocations"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ObservationLocations\"]"])->(Entity["Zion National Park", Entity["Park","ZionNationalPark::9566x"], "Entity[\"Park\", \"ZionNationalPark::9566x\"]", "park"])}],"Image","Dataset"]

EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["mammal", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Mammal"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Mammal\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["observation locations", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","ObservationLocations"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ObservationLocations\"]"])->(Entity["Bali Sea", Entity["Ocean","BaliSea"], "Entity[\"Ocean\", \"BaliSea\"]", "ocean"])}],"Image","Dataset"]

oceans=(Entity[(RowWithSeparator[ , "dugong", (EntitySublabel["animal"])]), Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","DugongDugon::8b266"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"DugongDugon::8b266\"]", "taxonomic species"])["ObservationOceans"]

GeoGraphics[{GeoStyling["Satellite"],Polygon[oceans]}]

Observation locations by date for migratory animals

Animate[Column[{DateValue[{1,month},"MonthName"],GeoSmoothHistogram[GroupBy[Normal@geoLoc,#[[1,1,2]]&,Union@Flatten[#[[All,2]]]&][month],GeoRange->(Entity["America", Entity["GeographicRegion","America::232z4"], "Entity[\"GeographicRegion\", \"America::232z4\"]", "geographic region"])]}],{month,Table[m,{m,1,12,1}]},Initialization:>(geoLoc=EntityValue[(Entity["osprey", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PandionHaliaetus::8vwn9"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PandionHaliaetus::8vwn9\"]", "species specification"]),(EntityProperty["observation locations by date", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","ObservationLocationsByDate"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"ObservationLocationsByDate\"]"])]),]

Migratory period

EntityValue[(Entity["common swift", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","ApusApus::66kct"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ApusApus::66kct\"]", "species specification"]),(EntityProperty["migratory period", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","MigratoryPeriod"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"MigratoryPeriod\"]"])]

Ecological Analysis

EntityValue[(EntityPropertyClass["ecological properties", EntityPropertyClass["TaxonomicSpecies","EcologicalProperties"], "EntityPropertyClass[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"EcologicalProperties\"]"]),"Properties"]

ConservationStatus information for over 70k species (including latest extinct species information)

EntityList@EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["mammal", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Mammal"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Mammal\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["biomes", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Biomes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Biomes\"]"])->(Entity["marine biome", Entity["Biome","MarineBiome"], "Entity[\"Biome\", \"MarineBiome\"]", "biome"]),(EntityProperty["conservation status", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","ConservationStatus"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ConservationStatus\"]"])->(Entity["Extinct", Entity["SpeciesConservationStatus","Extinct"], "Entity[\"SpeciesConservationStatus\", \"Extinct\"]", "species conservation status"])}]

Color countries by the number of endangered mammal species found

GeoRegionValuePlot[Tally[Flatten[EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["mammal", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Mammal"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Mammal\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["conservation status", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","ConservationStatus"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ConservationStatus\"]"])->(Entity["Endangered", Entity["SpeciesConservationStatus","Endangered"], "Entity[\"SpeciesConservationStatus\", \"Endangered\"]", "species conservation status"])}],"ObservationCountries"]]]]

Compare habitats of endangered species

endangered=EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["conservation status", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","ConservationStatus"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ConservationStatus\"]"])->(Entity["Endangered", Entity["SpeciesConservationStatus","Endangered"], "Entity[\"SpeciesConservationStatus\", \"Endangered\"]", "species conservation status"])|(Entity["Critically Endangered", Entity["SpeciesConservationStatus","CriticallyEndangered"], "Entity[\"SpeciesConservationStatus\", \"CriticallyEndangered\"]", "species conservation status"])}],(EntityProperty["biomes", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Biomes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Biomes\"]"])];

EntityList@(EntityClass["terrestrial biomes", EntityClass["Biome","TerrestrialBiomes"], "EntityClass[\"Biome\", \"TerrestrialBiomes\"]", "biomes"])

GeoRegionValuePlot[Select[endangered//Flatten//Tally,MemberQ[EntityList[(EntityClass["terrestrial biomes", EntityClass["Biome","TerrestrialBiomes"], "EntityClass[\"Biome\", \"TerrestrialBiomes\"]", "biomes"])],#[[1]]]&]]

Compare biodiversity across different biogeographic regions

bioregions=Tally@Flatten@DeleteMissing@EntityValue[(EntityClass["animals", EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal",All], "EntityClass[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", All]", "animals"]),(EntityProperty["biogeographic regions", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","BiogeographicRegions"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BiogeographicRegions\"]"])];

EntityList["BiogeographicRegion"]

CloudPut[bioregions]

GeoRegionValuePlot[Select[bioregions,!StringFreeQ[#[[1,2]],"Realm"]&],]

Ecological Analysis

Compare Biomass across species domains

PieChart[KeyValueMap[Labeled[#2,#1,"RadialCallout"]&,EntityValue[{(Entity["animals", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Metazoa::ghwc5"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Metazoa::ghwc5\"]", "taxonomic species"]),(Entity["fungi", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Fungi::3bp9r"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Fungi::3bp9r\"]", "taxonomic species"]),(Entity["archaea", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Archaea::cf225"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Archaea::cf225\"]", "taxonomic species"]),(Entity["plants", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Viridiplantae::4fp69"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Viridiplantae::4fp69\"]", "taxonomic species"]),(Entity["viruses", Entity["Species","Kingdom:Viruses"], "Entity[\"Species\", \"Kingdom:Viruses\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["bacteria", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","Bacteria::r5xcv"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Bacteria::r5xcv\"]", "taxonomic species"])},(EntityProperty["biomass", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Biomass"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Biomass\"]"]),"EntityAssociation"]],]

Hosts information for 190k species

Explore organisms that infect crops:

pathogens=EntityList@EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["hosts", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Hosts"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Hosts\"]"])->EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["crop", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Crop"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Crop\"]", "species phyletic group"])}]}];

pathogens[[;;5]]

pathogens//Length

Compare phyla of organisms that infect crops:

phylum=EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["hosts", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Hosts"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Hosts\"]"])->EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["crop", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Crop"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Crop\"]", "species phyletic group"])}]}],"Phylum"];

BarChart[Log/@#[[All,2]],ChartLabels->#[[All,1]],]&@SortBy[Tally[DeleteMissing@phylum],Last]

Diseases that are caused by viruses

EntityValue[EntityValue[(EntityType[(EntityTypeHierarchyRow["virus", "species specification"]), "TaxonomicSpecies"->"Virus"]),"SampleEntities"],(EntityProperty["associated human diseases", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","AssociatedHumanDiseases"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AssociatedHumanDiseases\"]"]),"Dataset"]//DeleteMissing

Food Habits

Predator information for ~7000 species

Query animals by predators

ImageCollage[EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["observation locations", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","ObservationLocations"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ObservationLocations\"]"])->(Entity["Illinois, United States", Entity["AdministrativeDivision",{"Illinois","UnitedStates"}], "Entity[\"AdministrativeDivision\", {\"Illinois\", \"UnitedStates\"}]", "administrative division"]),(EntityProperty["predators", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","Predators"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"Predators\"]"])->(Entity[(RowWithSeparator[ , "Cooper's hawk", (EntitySublabel["animal"])]), Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AccipiterCooperii::532m2"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AccipiterCooperii::532m2\"]", "taxonomic species"])}],"Image"]]

Visualize the food chain

pr=Select[#,MemberQ[First/@pr,#[[2]]]&]&@Flatten[Thread[#]&/@Normal@EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["observation locations", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","ObservationLocations"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ObservationLocations\"]"])->LinguisticAssistant}],(EntityProperty["predators", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","Predators"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"Predators\"]"]),"NonMissingEntityAssociation"]]/.r_Rule:>Reverse@r/.e_Entity:>CommonName[e];

LayeredGraphPlot[pr,PlotTheme->"DiagramGreen",VertexSize->{.45,.15},AspectRatio->.4]

Ethological Characteristics

EntityValue[(Entity["Indiana bat", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","MyotisSodalis::ykm3s"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"MyotisSodalis::ykm3s\"]", "species specification"]),{(EntityProperty["daily activity patterns", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","DailyActivityPatterns"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"DailyActivityPatterns\"]"]),(EntityProperty["dormancy types", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","DormancyTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"DormancyTypes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["social behavior", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","SocialBehavior"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"SocialBehavior\"]"]),(EntityProperty["territory area", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","TerritoryArea"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"TerritoryArea\"]"]),(EntityProperty["seasonal movement strategies", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","SeasonalMovementStrategies"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"SeasonalMovementStrategies\"]"]),(EntityProperty["antipredator adaptations", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","AntipredatorAdaptations"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"AntipredatorAdaptations\"]"]),(EntityProperty["communication channels", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","CommunicationChannels"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"CommunicationChannels\"]"]),(EntityProperty["perception channels", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","PerceptionChannels"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"PerceptionChannels\"]"])},"Dataset"]

Explore phylogenetic distribution of popular animals and their clustered behavioral characteristic patterns

beh=Normal@EntityValue[{(Entity["Eurasian red squirrel", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","SciurusVulgaris::6xszn"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"SciurusVulgaris::6xszn\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Norway rat", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","RattusNorvegicus::zs6x9"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"RattusNorvegicus::zs6x9\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["capybara", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","HydrochoerusHydrochaeris::ps28d"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"HydrochoerusHydrochaeris::ps28d\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["naked mole\[Hyphen]rat", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","HeterocephalusGlaber::b9f3j"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"HeterocephalusGlaber::b9f3j\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["ruffed lemur", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","VareciaVariegata::x63h2"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"VareciaVariegata::x63h2\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Bornean orangutan", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PongoPygmaeus::kw6x2"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PongoPygmaeus::kw6x2\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Sumatran orangutan", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PongoAbelii::h3hh8"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PongoAbelii::h3hh8\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["chimpanzee", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PanTroglodytes::5h8c2"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PanTroglodytes::5h8c2\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["pygmy chimpanzee", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PanPaniscus::m8446"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PanPaniscus::m8446\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["eastern gorilla", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","GorillaBeringei::4m789"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"GorillaBeringei::4m789\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Brazilian bare\[Hyphen]faced tamarin", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","SaguinusBicolor::s56kt"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"SaguinusBicolor::s56kt\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["golden lion tamarin", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","LeontopithecusRosalia::dfjs5"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"LeontopithecusRosalia::dfjs5\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["little brown bat", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","MyotisLucifugus::c39sx"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"MyotisLucifugus::c39sx\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["white bat", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","EctophyllaAlba::2c6n5"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"EctophyllaAlba::2c6n5\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["beluga whale", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","DelphinapterusLeucas::z8t55"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"DelphinapterusLeucas::z8t55\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["hippopotamus", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","HippopotamusAmphibius::xgz2t"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"HippopotamusAmphibius::xgz2t\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["bottlenose dolphin", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","TursiopsTruncatus::7362j"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"TursiopsTruncatus::7362j\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["killer whale", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","OrcinusOrca::t9226"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"OrcinusOrca::t9226\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["short\[Hyphen]finned pilot whale", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","GlobicephalaMacrorhynchus::663mm"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"GlobicephalaMacrorhynchus::663mm\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["black dolphin", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","CephalorhynchusEutropia::8846c"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"CephalorhynchusEutropia::8846c\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["blue whale", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","BalaenopteraMusculus::mk5bs"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BalaenopteraMusculus::mk5bs\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["alpaca", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","VicugnaPacos::9d633"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"VicugnaPacos::9d633\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Bactrian camel", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","CamelusBactrianus::9htv8"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"CamelusBactrianus::9htv8\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["bushpig", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PotamochoerusLarvatus::r2766"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PotamochoerusLarvatus::r2766\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["giraffe", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","GiraffaCamelopardalis::y5488"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"GiraffaCamelopardalis::y5488\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["white\[Hyphen]tailed deer", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","OdocoileusVirginianus::333fp"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"OdocoileusVirginianus::333fp\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["bongo", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","TragelaphusEurycerus::3xth5"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"TragelaphusEurycerus::3xth5\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["mountain goat", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","OreamnosAmericanus::t6qwm"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"OreamnosAmericanus::t6qwm\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["water buffalo", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","BubalusBubalis::xh9wp"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BubalusBubalis::xh9wp\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["cattle", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","BosTaurus::h7dbk"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BosTaurus::h7dbk\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["domestic yak", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","BosGrunniens::96j49"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BosGrunniens::96j49\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["American bison", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","BisonBison::3hwcf"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"BisonBison::3hwcf\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["puma", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PumaConcolor::r8db2"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PumaConcolor::r8db2\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["tiger", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PantheraTigris::63rj9"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PantheraTigris::63rj9\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["leopard", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PantheraPardus::7x85z"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PantheraPardus::7x85z\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["jaguar", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PantheraOnca::33y84"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PantheraOnca::33y84\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["domestic cat", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","FelisCatus::ddvt3"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"FelisCatus::ddvt3\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Asiatic black bear", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","UrsusThibetanus::j9tmj"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"UrsusThibetanus::j9tmj\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["polar bear", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","UrsusMaritimus::g8264"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"UrsusMaritimus::g8264\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["American black bear", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","UrsusAmericanus::b4574"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"UrsusAmericanus::b4574\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["giant panda", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AiluropodaMelanoleuca::fqjh7\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["harp seal", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","PhocaGroenlandica::3mz9h"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhocaGroenlandica::3mz9h\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["gray seal", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","HalichoerusGrypus::b3tyg"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"HalichoerusGrypus::b3tyg\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["walrus", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","OdobenusRosmarus::jw9v6"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"OdobenusRosmarus::jw9v6\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["ratel", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","MellivoraCapensis::rdy2v"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"MellivoraCapensis::rdy2v\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Eurasian badger", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","MelesMeles::b7493"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"MelesMeles::b7493\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["red fox", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","VulpesVulpes::48y38"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"VulpesVulpes::48y38\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["Arctic fox", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","VulpesLagopus::v9gqh"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"VulpesLagopus::v9gqh\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["gray wolf", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","CanisLupus::7z843"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"CanisLupus::7z843\"]", "species specification"]),(Entity["lesser panda", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","AilurusFulgens::r7md5"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"AilurusFulgens::r7md5\"]", "species specification"])},"BehavioralFeatures","EntityAssociation"]/.Rule[a_,b_]:>Rule[a,MemberQ[Flatten@b,#]&/@{(Entity["colonial", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Colonial"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Colonial\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["solitary", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Solitary"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Solitary\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["social", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Social"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Social\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["territorial", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Territorial"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Territorial\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["hierarchically dominant", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","HierarchicallyDominant"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"HierarchicallyDominant\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["cursorial", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Cursorial"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Cursorial\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["natatorial", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Natatorial"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Natatorial\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["fossorial", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Fossorial"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Fossorial\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["saltatorial", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Saltatorial"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Saltatorial\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["arboreal", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Arboreal"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Arboreal\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["terricolous", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Terricolous"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Terricolous\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["scansorial", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Scansorial"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Scansorial\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["troglophilic", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Troglophilic"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Troglophilic\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["flight capable", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","FlightCapable"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"FlightCapable\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["sedentary", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Sedentary"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Sedentary\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["nomadic", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Nomadic"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Nomadic\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["migratory", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Migratory"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Migratory\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["crepuscular", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Crepuscular"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Crepuscular\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["diurnal", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Diurnal"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Diurnal\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["nocturnal", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Nocturnal"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Nocturnal\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["daily torpid", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","DailyTorpid"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"DailyTorpid\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(Entity["hibernating", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","Hibernating"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"Hibernating\"]", "species behavioral feature"])}]/.{True->1,False->0};ArrayPlot[ReplaceAt[ReplaceAt[ReplaceAt[ReplaceAt[beh[[All,2]],1->,{All,1;;5}],1->,{All,6;;-9}],1->,{All,-8;;-6}],1->,{All,-5;;}],Mesh->All];
SwatchLegend[{,,,},{"social behaviors","locomotion","seasonal movement strategies","activity patterns"}];taxseq=Union@DeleteMissing@Flatten[Rule@@@Transpose[{Drop[#,-1],Drop[#,1]}]&/@EntityValue[beh[[All,1]],{"Class","Order","Suborder","Family","Genus","Species"}]];
panelLabel[lbl_]:=Panel[lbl,FrameMargins->0,Background->Lighter[Yellow,0.7]];plot=TreePlot[taxseq,Left,VertexLabels->Map[#->Placed[CommonName[#],Right,panelLabel]&,beh[[All,1]]],VertexSize->.1,AspectRatio->3]

Lookup animals by anti-predator adaptations

snake=EntityList[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["snake", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Snake"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Snake\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["antipredator adaptations", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","AntipredatorAdaptations"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"AntipredatorAdaptations\"]"])->(Entity["cryptic", Entity["SpeciesAntipredatorAdaptation","Cryptic"], "Entity[\"SpeciesAntipredatorAdaptation\", \"Cryptic\"]", "species antipredator adaptation"])}]];

snake[[;;3]]

ImageCollage[EntityValue[snake,"Image"]]

Lookup animals by perception channels

fish=EntityList[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["fish", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Fish"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Fish\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["perception channels", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","PerceptionChannels"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"PerceptionChannels\"]"])->(Entity["magnetic signal", Entity["SpeciesSensoryChannel","MagneticSignal"], "Entity[\"SpeciesSensoryChannel\", \"MagneticSignal\"]", "species sensory channel"])}]];

fish[[;;3]]

ImageCollage[EntityValue[fish,"Image"]]

Reproduction/Development

Lookup animals by reproductive characteristics

EntityValue[(Entity["frilled shark", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","ChlamydoselachusAnguineus::xn2f3"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"ChlamydoselachusAnguineus::xn2f3\"]", "species specification"]),{(EntityProperty["mating system", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","MatingSystem"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"MatingSystem\"]"]),(EntityProperty["sexual or asexual reproduction", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","SexualOrAsexualReproduction"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"SexualOrAsexualReproduction\"]"]),(EntityProperty["fertilization types", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","FertilizationTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"FertilizationTypes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["sexual assignments", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","SexualAssignments"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"SexualAssignments\"]"]),(EntityProperty["reproductive episode types", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","ReproductiveEpisodeTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"ReproductiveEpisodeTypes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["breeding period types", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","BreedingPeriodTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"BreedingPeriodTypes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["birth types", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","BirthTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"BirthTypes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["sexual dimorphism", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","SexualDimorphism"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"SexualDimorphism\"]"]),(EntityProperty["duration of pregnancy", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","PregnancyTime"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"PregnancyTime\"]"])},"Dataset"]

Lookup animals by developmental features

ImageCollage[EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["reptile", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Reptile"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Reptile\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["developmental features", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","DevelopmentalFeatures"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"DevelopmentalFeatures\"]"])->(Entity["temperature sex determination", Entity["SpeciesDevelopmentalFeature","TemperatureSexDetermination"], "Entity[\"SpeciesDevelopmentalFeature\", \"TemperatureSexDetermination\"]", "species developmental feature"])}],"Image"]]

Comparative Queries

Support common species comparative queries including “largest”, “tallest”, “longest-living”...etc.

10 heaviest flight capable birds

EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["bird", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Bird"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Bird\"]", "species phyletic group"]),(EntityProperty["behavioral features", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Animal","BehavioralFeatures"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Animal\", \"BehavioralFeatures\"]"])->(Entity["flight capable", Entity["SpeciesBehavioralFeature","FlightCapable"], "Entity[\"SpeciesBehavioralFeature\", \"FlightCapable\"]", "species behavioral feature"]),(EntityProperty["maximum recorded weight", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","MaximumRecordedWeight"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"MaximumRecordedWeight\"]"])->TakeLargest[10]}],(EntityProperty["maximum recorded weight", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","MaximumRecordedWeight"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"MaximumRecordedWeight\"]"]),"Dataset"]

50 longest-living vertebrates

ListPlot[EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies",{(EntityProperty["phyletic groups", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","PhyleticGroups"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"PhyleticGroups\"]"])->(Entity["vertebrate", Entity["SpeciesPhyleticGroup","Vertebrate"], "Entity[\"SpeciesPhyleticGroup\", \"Vertebrate\"]", "species phyletic group"]),->TakeLargest[50]}],(EntityProperty["maximum recorded lifespan", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","MaximumRecordedLifespan"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"MaximumRecordedLifespan\"]"]),"Dataset"]]

Lookup Plants

EntityValue[(Entity["tomato", Entity["TaxonomicSpecies","SolanumLycopersicum::nvq56"], "Entity[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"SolanumLycopersicum::nvq56\"]", "species specification"]),{(EntityProperty["sun requirements", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","SunRequirements"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"SunRequirements\"]"]),(EntityProperty["drought tolerance", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","DroughtTolerance"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"DroughtTolerance\"]"]),(EntityProperty["ease of care", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","EaseOfCare"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"EaseOfCare\"]"]), (EntityProperty["sowing and planting instructions", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","SowingAndPlantingInstructions"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"SowingAndPlantingInstructions\"]"]),(EntityProperty["planting distance between plants", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","PlantingDistanceBetweenPlants"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"PlantingDistanceBetweenPlants\"]"]),(EntityProperty["planting distance between rows", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","PlantingDistanceBetweenRows"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"PlantingDistanceBetweenRows\"]"]),(EntityProperty["days to harvest", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","DaysToHarvest"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"DaysToHarvest\"]"]),(EntityProperty["water requirement per week", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","WaterRequirementPerWeek"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"WaterRequirementPerWeek\"]"]),(EntityProperty["botanical types", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","BotanicalTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"BotanicalTypes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["culinary types based on edible parts", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","CulinaryTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"CulinaryTypes\"]"]),(EntityProperty["edible parts", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","EdibleParts"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"EdibleParts\"]"]),(EntityProperty["can be consumed raw", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","CanBeConsumedRaw"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"CanBeConsumedRaw\"]"]),(EntityProperty["can be dried", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","CanBeDried"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"CanBeDried\"]"]),(EntityProperty["can be canned", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","CanBeCanned"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"CanBeCanned\"]"]),(EntityProperty["days to start indoor in spring", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","DaysToStartIndoorSpring"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"DaysToStartIndoorSpring\"]"]),(EntityProperty["days to plant in spring", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","DaysToPlantSpring"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"DaysToPlantSpring\"]"]),(EntityProperty["pollinators", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","Pollinators"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"Pollinators\"]"]),(EntityProperty["plants it is helped by", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","PlantsItIsHelpedBy"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"PlantsItIsHelpedBy\"]"]),(EntityProperty["plants to avoid", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","PlantsToAvoid"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"PlantsToAvoid\"]"])},"Dataset"]

Find plants based on growth conditions

EntityList[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant",{(EntityProperty["botanical types", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","BotanicalTypes"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"BotanicalTypes\"]"])->(Entity["vegetable", Entity["PlantStructure","Vegetable"], "Entity[\"PlantStructure\", \"Vegetable\"]", "plant structure"]),(EntityProperty["natural life cycle", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","NaturalLifeCycle"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"NaturalLifeCycle\"]"])->(Entity["biennial", Entity["PlantLifeCycle","Biennial"], "Entity[\"PlantLifeCycle\", \"Biennial\"]", "plant life cycle"]),(EntityProperty["USDA hardiness zones", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","USDAHardinessZones"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"USDAHardinessZones\"]"])->(Entity["Zone 6", Entity["USDAPlantHardinessZone","Zone6"], "Entity[\"USDAPlantHardinessZone\", \"Zone6\"]", "USDA plant hardiness zone"]),(EntityProperty["soil texture requirements", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Plant","SoilTextureRequirements"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Plant\", \"SoilTextureRequirements\"]"])->(Entity["coarse", Entity["USDASoilTexture","Coarse"], "Entity[\"USDASoilTexture\", \"Coarse\"]", "USDA soil texture"])}]]

USDA hardiness zone

EntityValue[(Entity["Zone 3", Entity["USDAPlantHardinessZone","Zone3"], "Entity[\"USDAPlantHardinessZone\", \"Zone3\"]", "USDA plant hardiness zone"]),"Dataset"]

Lookup USDAHardinessZone by ZIP code:

EntityList@EntityClass["USDAPlantHardinessZone",{(EntityProperty["associated ZIP codes", EntityProperty["USDAPlantHardinessZone","AssociatedZIPCodes"], "EntityProperty[\"USDAPlantHardinessZone\", \"AssociatedZIPCodes\"]"])->(Entity["61820", Entity["ZIPCode","61820"], "Entity[\"ZIPCode\", \"61820\"]", "ZIP Code"])}]

Graphics:

EntityValue[(Entity["Zone 6a", Entity["USDAPlantHardinessZone","Zone6a"], "Entity[\"USDAPlantHardinessZone\", \"Zone6a\"]", "USDA plant hardiness zone"]),(EntityProperty["image", EntityProperty["USDAPlantHardinessZone","Image"], "EntityProperty[\"USDAPlantHardinessZone\", \"Image\"]"])]

Lookup Fungus

New auxiliary Entity types to characterize fungus

EntityValue["FungusCapType","Description","Dataset"]

EntityValue["FungusEdibility","Description","Dataset"]

Lookup mushrooms by their characteristics

EntityValue[EntityClass["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Fungus",{(EntityProperty["edibility", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Fungus","Edibility"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Fungus\", \"Edibility\"]"])->(Entity["psychoactive mushroom", Entity["FungusEdibility","PsychoactiveMushroom"], "Entity[\"FungusEdibility\", \"PsychoactiveMushroom\"]", "fungus edibility"]),(EntityProperty["spore print color", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Fungus","SporePrintColor"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Fungus\", \"SporePrintColor\"]"])->(Entity["white", Entity["SpeciesColor","White"], "Entity[\"SpeciesColor\", \"White\"]", "species color"])}],{(EntityProperty["image", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies","Image"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\", \"Image\"]"]),(EntityProperty["stipe type", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Fungus","StipeType"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Fungus\", \"StipeType\"]"]),(EntityProperty["hymenium attachment", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Fungus","HymeniumAttachment"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Fungus\", \"HymeniumAttachment\"]"]),(EntityProperty["hymenium type", EntityProperty["TaxonomicSpecies"->"Eukaryote"->"Fungus","HymeniumType"], "EntityProperty[\"TaxonomicSpecies\" -> \"Eukaryote\" -> \"Fungus\", \"HymeniumType\"]"])},"Dataset"]

Summary

New species data collections encompass biological, geographical as well as ecological knowledge of various organisms

Hierarchical entity type syntax and improved data lookups support in-depth biological data exploration in the Wolfram Language

Thank You!